On-Line Flow and Composition Measurements for Gasification Systems

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On-Line Flow and Composition Measurements for Gasification Systems: To sustain our nation?s economic growth, utilization of our most abundant fossil energy resource, coal, in an efficient and environmentally responsible manner is needed. Consequently, the DOE is supporting the development of advanced technology power plants that offer higher efficiency, lower emissions, and reduced capital and operating costs. Gasification technologies are key to addressing several of the advanced technologies issues of clean production of electric power, hydrogen for the new ?hydrogen economy,? and industrial chemicals or refined fuels while reducing the impacts on water resources, solid waste disposal, and capturing carbon dioxide (CO2) that is generated in the use of fossil fuels. To meet the demands of the Hydrogen Initiative, the requirements for fuel cell and advanced turbine power units, and to meet the increasingly stringent environmental regulations, the synthesis gas produced by gasification will need to be cleaned to tighter specifications. At the same time, the gasification and gas cleanup processes will need to have reduced costs, improved reliability, and the ability to be readily integrated for increased efficiency. These improvements will enable the integration of advanced concepts for high-efficiency power generation and pollution control into a class of fuel-flexible facilities capable of operating with near zero environmental emissions. Based on gasification, there are a variety of configurations to meet differing market needs, including both distributed and central generation of power. The development and optimization of advanced coal gasifiers will be critical to the success of this program. This topic seeks to develop key support technologies and measurement techniques for these gasifiers. Applications which fit the following description should be submitted under this funding opportunity title of On-Line Flow and Composition Measurements for Gasification Systems (DE-PS26-04NT41898-06). The ability to measure, control, and quickly respond to fluctuations in the flow quantities and composition of feed streams to gasifiers and in the synthesis gas product stream can be crucial to maintaining performance to design standards and keeping the production of gasifiers on-stream at high capacity factors. Real-time and on-stream measurements are likely to be helpful in identifying systems upsets and responses to protect downstream equipment. Grant applications are sought to develop robust on-line measurement and control systems for (1) feeding abrasive and eroding solids across pressure barriers to 1000 psi into gasifiers, and for (2) product synthesis gas streams at high temperatures (to 2500 oF) and high pressure (to 1000 psi) laden with aggressive particulates. Gasifier feeds are typically water slurries with loadings of 50 to 70 % solids, or pneumatically fed dry pulverized solids. The feed may contain coal, pet coke, coal-pet coke mixtures (typical 50-50%), water as slurry agent, or biomass (typically 10 -20%). On-line measurements of feed quantities and composition should address attributes such as particle size distribution, particle loading, coal/pet coke/biomass composition changes, and amount of water. The synthesis gas product will typically contain bulk constituents (CO, CO2, H2, H2O, CH4), major contaminants (H2S, COS, NH3, Cl), and trace contaminants (Hg, As, Se, V, Ni). On-line measurement of any or all of these constituents at gasifier exit conditions of high temperature and pressure will enable more direct control of the operation of the gasifier.